Nutritional profile and molecular fingerprints of indigenous black jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) landraces

Abstract

The indigenous black jamun landraces (Syzygium Cumini L.), found in western Gujarat of Gir forest region (India), produced fruits with different size and shape. Fruit morphology like shape, volume, weight, length, girth were examined and black jamun categorized into six landraces viz., BJLR 1 (big fruit, > 11 g); BJLR 2 (medium to big fruit, 8–11 g); BJLR 3 (medium fruit, 6–8 g); BJLR 4 (medium to small fruit, 5–6 g); BJLR 5 (small fruit, 3–5 g) and BJLR 6 (very small fruit, < 3 g fruit weight). The landraces (BJLR 1 and 2) with larger size fruits were accumulated higher amount of moisture, total fat content, sugars, total protein, starch, free amino acid contents. Smaller fruits (BJLR 6) contained higher amount of ascorbic acid—137 and 132 mg%; anthocynin—47.7 and 2.35 mg%; crude fibre 3.05 and 10.5 g%; and total phenol—21.7 and 45.0 mg g⁻¹ in their fruit pulp and seed part, respectively with better nutritional profile compared with big and moderate fruited landraces. Nutritional profile of six landraces indicated that fruit pulp accumulated higher amount of soluble sugars (6.51–17.6 mg g⁻¹), anthocyanins (29.7−47.7 mg%) and free amino acids (7.54–18.9 mg%) while that of seeds exhibited higher amount of crude fibre (6017–10.5 g%), ascorbic acid (90–137 mg%), starch (22.8–29.4 g%), total protein (4.72–7.17 mg%), phenols (45–56.7 mg g⁻¹). The black jamun landraces were subjected to ISSR based polymorphic finger prints and genetic diversity analysis. Total 144 bands were amplified across six landraces by 18 UBC primers, of which 94 were polymorphic with 64.2% average polymorphism. Cluster analysis demonstrates the BJLR 6 landraces distinguished from other landraces with 53% similarity.